synology nas setup
resources
Synology NAS Setup & Configuration Guide (2024) | WunderTech Marius Hosting – Trustworthy expert guide to your Synology NAS.
to-do
- control panel > security >
- account > account protection
- firewall
- protection > DoS protection
- configure access for family shared data
- set up time machine volume
changelog
2024-12-25
- deactivated admin account
- enabled SFTP on arjun
- enabled SSH on arjun
- set static IP in DSM and router
- installed Container Manager (docker) on arjun
notes
partitions / volumes
Disk /dev/ram0: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram1: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram2: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram3: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram4: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram5: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram6: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram7: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram8: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram9: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram10: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram11: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram12: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram13: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram14: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram15: 640 MiB, 671088640 bytes, 1310720 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/sata1: 10.9 TiB, 12000138625024 bytes, 23437770752 sectors
Disk model: ST12000VN0008-2YS101
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 1F84A64C-1818-468E-A8B8-181B9FC3B47D
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sata1p1 8192 16785407 16777216 8G Linux RAID
/dev/sata1p2 16785408 20979711 4194304 2G Linux RAID
/dev/sata1p5 21257952 23437569791 23416311840 10.9T Linux RAID
Disk /dev/sata2: 10.9 TiB, 12000138625024 bytes, 23437770752 sectors
Disk model: ST12000VN0008-2YS101
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 5A71945D-100E-41E2-9F53-97C48D8A9FDA
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sata2p1 8192 16785407 16777216 8G Linux RAID
/dev/sata2p2 16785408 20979711 4194304 2G Linux RAID
/dev/sata2p5 21257952 23437569791 23416311840 10.9T Linux RAID
Disk /dev/md0: 8 GiB, 8589869056 bytes, 16777088 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/zram0: 263 MiB, 275775488 bytes, 67328 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 4096 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/zram1: 263 MiB, 275775488 bytes, 67328 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 4096 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/zram2: 263 MiB, 275775488 bytes, 67328 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 4096 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/zram3: 263 MiB, 275775488 bytes, 67328 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 4096 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/md1: 2 GiB, 2147418112 bytes, 4194176 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/loop0: 32 MiB, 33554432 bytes, 65536 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
GPT PMBR size mismatch (239649 != 245759) will be corrected by write.
The backup GPT table is not on the end of the device. This problem will be corrected by write.
Disk /dev/synoboot: 120 MiB, 125829120 bytes, 245760 sectors
Disk model: DiskStation
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 9DC2E0B0-DD26-415B-931E-8EF85D81BB25
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/synoboot1 2048 67583 65536 32M EFI System
/dev/synoboot2 67584 239615 172032 84M Linux filesystem
Disk /dev/md2: 10.9 TiB, 11989150597120 bytes, 23416309760 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/vg1-syno_vg_reserved_area: 12 MiB, 12582912 bytes, 24576 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/vg1-volume_1: 10.9 TiB, 11988327464960 bytes, 23414702080 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
packages
synopkg
synopkg man | Linux Command Library
synopkg status [package] needs to
be run as root even though man page doesnt say so
by default, synopkg is managing these:
- USBCopy
- FileStation
- StorageManager
- ScsiTarget
- ActiveInsight
- OAuthService
- HybridShare
- SynologyPhotos
- QuickConnect
- UniversalViewer
- SynoFinder
- SynoOnlinePack_v2
- SecureSignIn
- Node.js_v20
- SynologyDrive
- SynologyApplicationService
- BackupRestoreManager
- Python2
- SMBService
- SupportService
full list
$ ls /bin
'[' htop pykmip-server
7z id python
accept identify python3
addgnupghome inetd python3.8
afpd initdb qrencode
apcsmart install qt-faststart
apple_dump iostat raw-identify
applygnupgdefaults ip readlink
ash ip6tables realpath
awk ip6tables-legacy redis-cli
b2sum ip6tables-legacy-restore redis-sentinel
base32 ip6tables-legacy-save redis-server
base64 ip6tables-restore reindexdb
basename ip6tables-save reject
bash ipcalc renice
bcmxcp_usb ipcs repmgr
bind_driver iperf repmgrd
blazer_usb ippfind reset
brctl iptables richcomm_usb
bunzip2 iptables-legacy riello_usb
bzip2 iptables-legacy-restore rm
cancel iptables-legacy-save rmdir
capsh iptables-restore rsync
cat iptables-save runcon
chattr iptables-xml run-parts
chcon join scp
chgrp journalctl scriptindex
chmod jpegtran sed
chown jq seq
chronyc kbxutil setcap
chroot keyctl setsid
cksum kill sftp
clear killall sh
clusterdb killps sha1sum
cmp kinit sha224sum
cnid_dbd klist sha256sum
cnid_metad kmod sha384sum
comm ldapmodify sha512sum
compare ldappasswd shred
composite ldapsearch shuf
convert lftp simple_dcraw
corepack lftpget slabtop
cp link slapacl
createdb ln slapadd
createuser locale slapauth
csplit localedef slapcat
cupsaccept logger slapcat32
cupsd login slapdn
cupsdisable loginctl slapindex
cupsenable logname slappasswd
cupsfilter logrotate slaptest
cupsreject lpadmin sleep
curl lpc slogencrypt
cut lpoptions slogkey
date lpq slogverify
db_recover lpr smartctl
db_stat lprm snmpd
dcraw lpstat snmp-ups
dcraw_emu ls snmpwalk
dd lsattr sort
debsig-verify lspci split
df md5sum sqlite3
diff metasys ssh
dir minissdpd sshd
dircolors mkdir ssh-keygen
dirmngr mkfifo ssmtp
dirmngr-client mknod sss_cache
dirname mktemp sssctl
djpeg montage sssd
dmesg more sss_debuglevel
dnsdomainname mount sss_override
dpkg mv sss_seed
dpkg-deb natpmpd stat
dpkg-divert ndisc6 stdbuf
dpkg-query netatalk stty
dpkg-split netstat su
dpkg-statoverride netxml-ups sudo
dpkg-trigger nginx sum
dqtool nice sync
drbdadm nl synodd
drbdadm-83 nohup synonode
drbdadm-84 normalizer syslog-ng
drbdmeta nproc syslog-ng-ctl
drbdsetup nslookup systemctl
drbdsetup-83 nsupdate systemd-analyze
drbdsetup-84 ntfs-3g systemd-notify
dropdb ntfs-3g.probe systemd-tmpfiles
dropuser numfmt tac
du nutdrv_atcl_usb tail
echo nutdrv_qx tar
ecryptfs-add-passphrase od taskset
ecryptfs-rewrap-passphrase omron_usb tee
ecryptfs-stat openssl telnetd
ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase openssl-3 test
ecryptfs-wrap-passphrase opentftp time
egrep optiups timeout
env ovs-appctl top
ethtool ovsdb-client touch
exiv2 ovsdb-tool tr
expand ovs-docker traceroute
expr ovs-dpctl traceroute6
factor ovs-ofctl tripplite_usb
false ovs-vsctl true
ffmpeg paste truncate
fgrep pathchk tset
find pdftotext tsort
fio pdftotext-0.x tty
flashcache_create persist-tool uconv
flashcache_destroy pg_archivecleanup udevadm
flashcache_disable pg_basebackup ulockmgr_server
flashcache_enable pgbench umount
flashcache_expand pg_controldata uname
flashcache_load pg_ctl unexpand
flashcache_rescue pg_dump uniq
flock pg_dumpall unlink
fmt pg_isready unrar
fold pg_receivewal unxz
free pg_recvlogical upnpd
ftpd pg_resetwal upsc
fusermount pg_restore upsdrvctl
gawk pg_rewind uptime
gawk-5.0.0 pg_test_fsync usbhid-ups
getcap pg_test_timing usbip
get_key_value pg_upgrade usbipd
getopt pg_verify_checksums users
getpcaps pg_waldump uuidgen
google-authenticator php vacuumdb
gpg pidof vdir
gpg-agent ping vi
gpgconf ping6 vim
gpg-connect-agent pinky vimdiff
gpgparsemail pkill vmtouch
gpgscm poff watchgnupg
gpgsplit pon wc
gpgtar postgres wget
gpgv postmaster which
gpg-wks-server powercom who
grep powerpanel whoami
gunzip pr xargs
gzip printenv xtables-legacy-multi
hdparm printf xxd
head ps xz
hostapd psql xzcat
hostapd_cli pstree yes
hostid ptx zcat
hostname pwd zip
$ ls /usr/local/bin
abb-cli notification_send smbd synomibtool
cifsdd notification_utils smbpasswd synosaschatbot
epck npm smbspool synoscimprofile
feasibilitycheck ntlm_auth smbstatus system_conf.sh
ldbadd nvm smbtree tdbbackup
ldbdel pdbedit supportservicetool tdbdump
ldbedit python2 synobrm-network.sh tdbtool
ldbmodify python2.7 synocheckiscsitrg testparm
ldbrename rpcclient synoguest util.sh
ldbsearch samba synoiscsiep wbinfo
net samba-tool synoiscsitop winbindd
nmbd smbcacls synoiscsiwebapi
nmblookup smbclient synology-backupd
node smbcontrol synomibclient-event
time machine
How do I back up files from my Mac to NAS using Time Machine? - Synology Knowledge Center
- create a TM compatible shared folder in DSM
- uses SMB / bonjour
- make a dedicated user account for time machine
Time Machine separate users for each Mac : r/synology
- need to set storage quotas (limits) or else TM will use the entire volume for snapshots
My “TimeMachine” volume on my Synology has the TimeMachine backups for for my old iMac, 3 of my old MacBooks, my current MacBook, an old Mac mini, 2 current Mac mini’s, 2 of my wife’s old MacBooks, and my wife’s current MacBook. TimeMachine magically handles keeping them all in separate folders named after the computer in question. (comment link)
The issue only occurs when one machine tries to backup while another machine is also backing up. If you use Time Machine Editor you can schedule your various Macs to backup at different times of day than each other, thus mostly avoiding the problem.
You could also just make separate volumes for each Mac’s TimeMachine backup, but that felt very inelegant and ugly to me, so I’ve stuck with the “make sure they all backup at different times” solution (comment link)
NAS with two partition for Media Center and Time Machine : r/synology
Yes, but don’t create two volumes. You only need one volume with 2 shared folders. Use storage quota on the TM shared folder. (comment link)
security
IP Block List – Marius Hosting
Synology: How to Correctly Set Up Firewall on DSM 7 – Marius Hosting
q&a
what is @eaDir?
Modern solution to stopping the generation of @eaDir folders? : r/synology
Short answer: you don’t.
Long answer: You don’t because those files contain important stuff like media/file indexing metadata, metadata used for mounting encrypted shares, user quota info, macOS extended attributes, etc. You cannot disable its creation, and deleting that stuff can and will make your NAS start acting up. If you don’t want to see it, don’t use NFS, use Samba, WebDAV, iSCSI, or any other protocol.
preventing @eaDir from being created : r/synology
Those are created by the indexer.
This may be relevant — adapt to modern DSM as needed: https://mikebeach.org/2012/12/12/disable-indexing-and-generation-of-eadir-directories-on-synology-nas/
And yes, I agree, they are annoying and indexer as the whole on a diskstation is resource consuming useless turd.